How is leptospirosis primarily transmitted?

Leptospirosis is primarily transmitted through mucous membranes or open wounds. This bacterial infection is caused by the spirochete bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which can thrive in a variety of environments, especially where there is standing water or moist soil. When infected urine from animals contaminates water or soil, the bacteria can enter a new host through cuts, abrasions, or through mucous membranes found in the eyes, nose, or mouth. Therefore, any break in the skin or exposure of mucous membranes significantly increases the risk of infection.

While there are other potential routes of exposure—such as ingestion of contaminated food or direct skin contact with infected animals—the most common and direct transmission route involves the entry of the bacteria through mucous membranes or open wounds. Understanding this transmission method is crucial for preventing infection, especially in high-risk areas where animals may be shedding the bacteria.