What type of livestock is primarily affected by Kiawe (mesquite) toxicity?

Kiawe, or mesquite, toxicity primarily affects cattle due to their unique digestive system and the specific components of the mesquite plant. When consumed in significant amounts, the pods and leaves of the Kiawe contain high levels of tannins and other compounds that can lead to toxicity in cattle, particularly gastrointestinal disturbances and potential liver damage. Cattle are particularly susceptible because they rely on fermentation in their rumen to digest fibrous plant material, and certain ingested plants, like Kiawe, can disrupt this process, leading to more severe health issues.

While other livestock such as pigs, sheep, and goats may also consume Kiawe, they typically do not exhibit the same level of toxicity as cattle do. Their digestive systems process plant toxins differently, making them less vulnerable to the harmful effects of Kiawe. Understanding the specific impact of different plants on various livestock species is crucial for effective management and health care in veterinary practice.