Which animals are likely to be minimally affected by Haole koa?

Haole koa, a non-native tree species in Hawaii, is known to impact the surrounding ecosystem and can affect various animals differently. Well-adapted ruminants are likely to be minimally affected by Haole koa because they have evolved mechanisms to cope with the specific environmental conditions and food sources available in their habitat. These ruminants possess digestive systems that allow them to effectively process plant material, including the foliage and pods of Haole koa, even if they contain certain defensive compounds.

Additionally, well-adapted ruminants may have specialized dietary needs that include a variety of forages, allowing them to utilize the resources provided by Haole koa without suffering adverse effects. Their ability to thrive in the local environment helps them navigate challenges posed by invasive plant species more successfully than other groups of animals, such as young or underweight ruminants, which may be less resilient and more sensitive to changes in their diet or habitat.